5 common dog health issues and how to prevent them

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Owning a dog brings joy, companionship, and countless memories. But like humans, dogs can face various health challenges throughout their lives.

Understanding these issues and how to prevent them is crucial for ensuring your canine companion lives a long, healthy life.

According to veterinary experts and pet health organisations, here are five of the most common health problems in dogs, and how to prevent them.

1. Dog health and obesity

Obesity is a growing concern among dogs, with the People’s Dispensary for Si c k Animals (PDSA) warning that nearly half of UK dogs are overweight or obese. Extra weight can lead to diabetes, arthritis and heart disease.

Prevention: Regular exercise, portion control, and a balanced diet are key. Avoid feeding table scraps and stick to vet-approved dog food. Regular weigh-ins at the vet or local pet clinics can help track progress.

2. Dog health and dental disease

According to the British Veterinary Dental Association, by the age of three, around 80% of dogs show signs of dental disease, including tartar build-up, gum inflammation and bad breath. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and infections.

Prevention: Brush your dog’s teeth regularly using canine toothpaste, offer dental chews, and book annual veterinary dental checks. Professional cleanings may be necessary in more severe cases.

3. Ear infections

Dogs with floppy ears or those that swim often are particularly prone to ear infections. Symptoms include head shaking, scratching, redness, and an unpleasant smell. The Royal Veterinary College (RVC) notes that ear infections are among the top reasons for vet visits in the UK.

Prevention: Clean your dog’s ears regularly with a vet-approved solution, especially after swimming or bathing. Keep ears dry and free from excess hair, and monitor for signs of discomfort.

4. Parasites (fleas, ticks and worms)

External and internal parasites can cause serious health issues, ranging from skin irritation to life-threatening diseases such as Lyme disease and tapeworm infections. The Dogs Trust emphasises the importance of year-round parasite control.

Prevention: Use vet-recommended flea and tick preventatives, and deworm your dog as advised—typically every 3–6 months. Regular grooming and checking your dog’s coat after walks in grassy or wooded areas are also essential.

5. Arthritis

Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, is common in older dogs or breeds prone to joint problems. The condition causes stiffness, limping and reduced mobility. The Kennel Club highlights that early intervention can make a significant difference in a dog’s quality of life.

Prevention: While some cases are genetic, keeping your dog at a healthy weight and providing joint supplements (with veterinary advice) can help. Low-impact exercise like swimming or gentle walks also helps maintain joint health.