Norovirus has become a major focus as the world keeps an eye on possible global health risks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis around the world.
What Is norovirus?
Norovirus infection is a type of viral gastroenteritis, also known as ‘gastro’ inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Norovirus (previously known as Norwalk-like virus) are small round structured viruses that are members of a group of viruses called caliciviruses.
It is a highly contagious viral illness causing severe diarrhoea, vomiting, and nausea. The WHO reports 685 million global cases annually, with 200 million affecting children under five. Tragically, norovirus causes approximately 200 000 deaths yearly, with low-income countries bearing the brunt, as reported by joburgetc.
While the statistics are alarming, the WHO advises against panic but encourages awareness and preventative measures.
The virus can spread through contaminated surfaces, food and water, as well as airborne droplets. Airborne droplets can spread through the air and land on surfaces that people touch. People could also inhale them. Symptoms typically appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure.
What symptoms should people be aware of?
Symptoms include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, stomach aches or cramps, fever, headaches, body aches, chills, and severe dehydration.
It is important to note that there is no cure for the virus. Recovery after being infected by the virus is dependent on the individual’s immunity, i.e. how weak or strong the person’s immune system is to fight against it. Rehydration to replace lost fluids is a main form of treatment.
It is advisable to avoid foods high in sugar or fat when infected with the virus. Medicines to prevent vomiting or diarrhoea should not be given (especially in children), except where specifically advised by a doctor.
What are the precautionary measures?
Norovirus can have severe consequences, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and immuno-compromised individuals.
However, the risk is manageable with proper hygiene practices. Cleaning surfaces, washing hands regularly, and also ensuring food safety can significantly reduce the chances of transmission. Food safety includes cooking shellfish thoroughly before consuming it.
Frequently but also thoroughly washing your hands with soap and water is important, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food.
Are you aware of the causes and symptoms of norovirus?
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