In reality, nipple discharge is more common than many people think, and it doesn’t always mean something serious. The discharge can vary in colour, thickness, and amount and may happen for a variety of reasons, some of which are quite normal.
In most cases, nipple discharge isn’t a cause for alarm, but it’s still a good idea to understand why it happens.
Knowing what’s normal and when to see a doctor can help you feel more at ease with your body.
1. Hormonal imbalance
Hormonal changes are one of the most common reasons for nipple discharge. Your body’s hormones, like oestrogen and prolactin regulate functions like menstruation and breast health.
Sometimes, these hormones fluctuate, causing a discharge from the nipples. This can happen during puberty, around your menstrual period, or even due to birth control pills. These hormone shifts can lead to a temporary discharge that usually stops once your hormone levels balance out.
2. Breast infection (mastitis)
Mastitis is a breast infection that can cause swelling, pain, and sometimes discharge from the nipple. While this condition is more common in breastfeeding mothers, it can also occur in others. Bacteria can enter the breast through small cracks in the skin, leading to an infection. The discharge, in this case, may be yellow, greenish, or even bloody, and is often accompanied by warmth, redness, and tenderness in the breast. If you notice these symptoms, it’s best to see a doctor, as mastitis often requires antibiotic treatment.
3. Fibrocystic breast changes
Fibrocystic changes are a common, non-cancerous condition that affects many people, especially those in their 20s and 30s. These changes cause the breast tissue to feel lumpy or rope-like, which can sometimes lead to discomfort and nipple discharge.
The discharge may be clear or slightly cloudy and often appears in both breasts. Fibrocystic changes are usually harmless, but if you notice persistent or unusual discharge, consult a doctor.
4. Medications
Certain medications can also cause nipple discharge as a side effect. Medications like birth control pills, hormone replacement therapies, and some antidepressants can increase levels of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production.
Elevated prolactin can lead to discharge even when you’re not pregnant. If you’ve started a new medication and notice nipple discharge, talk to your doctor, who may adjust your prescription if necessary.
5. Duct ectasia
Duct ectasia is a condition that occurs when the milk ducts under the nipple become widened and blocked. This condition is most common in people over 40 and can lead to thick, sticky discharge, often white, green, or brown. While duct ectasia is usually harmless, it can cause discomfort. Warm compresses can help relieve symptoms, but if the discharge continues or becomes painful, a doctor may recommend treatment.
