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For most people with periods, the monthly cycle follows a predictable routine—cramps, bloating, and the familiar flow from the uterus. But what if you started bleeding from your nose, eyes, or even your lungs instead? While this might sound like something out of a medical thriller, it’s actually a rare but real condition known as vicarious menstruation.
The National Institute of Health states that vicarious menstruation occurs when menstrual-like bleeding happens in areas of the body other than the uterus. The phenomenon, first documented in medical literature in the 19th century, has puzzled doctors and scientists for decades.
According to a 2014 article in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, this condition is thought to be linked to hormone-sensitive tissues outside the uterus that respond to the menstrual cycle, leading to unexpected bleeding.
Dr Sarah Hammond, an OB-GYN at the University of Cape Town, explains: “While incredibly rare, vicarious menstruation is believed to be caused by estrogen and progesterone influencing endometrial-like tissue in abnormal locations, much like we see in endometriosis.”
Where can this bleeding occur?
Cases of vicarious menstruation have been recorded in some surprising places:
Nosebleeds: The most common site, as nasal tissue is highly vascular and can react to hormonal changes, according to Annals of Saudi Medicine.
Eyes: The above source further mentions that some women have reported cyclic bloody tears (haemolacria), often mistaken for conjunctivitis.
Lungs: The Respiratory Medicine Case Reports state that catamenial hemoptysis, a rare condition results in coughing up blood during menstruation.
Skin and navel: Some cases involve small lesions or even bleeding from surgical scars, claims the above source
Although vicarious menstruation can be alarming, it is usually harmless, according to the National Institute of Health. However, it is mentioned that this condition can sometimes indicate underlying conditions like endometriosis or clotting disorders. If you notice unexplained bleeding that coincides with your cycle, it’s worth consulting a doctor.
According to Dr Sarah, “Most cases don’t require treatment unless they cause significant discomfort or signal another condition. Hormonal therapy can help regulate symptoms.”
While rare, vicarious menstruation is a fascinating reminder of how interconnected our bodies are. If you ever find yourself unexpectedly bleeding from an unfamiliar place, don’t panic—your period might just be getting a little creative. But do check in with a healthcare professional to rule out any serious concerns.
Also see: Drinks to regulate irregular periods
